Milestones:SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis), 1969-1970 and Milestones:Nelson River HVDC Transmission System, 1972: Difference between pages

Revision as of 19:06, 6 January 2015

Nelson River HVDC Transmission System, 1972

IEEE Winnipeg Section, Dedication: 3 June 2005

On 17 June 1972, the Nelson River High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system began delivery of electric power. It used the highest operating voltage to deliver the largest amount of power from a remote site to a city. The bipolar scheme gave superior line reliability and the innovative use of the controls added significantly to the overall system capabilities. Finally, the scheme used the largest mercury arc valves ever developed for such an application.

The two plaques may be viewed at either Manitoba Hydro's Radisson and Henday Station (Nelson River),Manitoba, Canada, or at Manitoba Hydro's Dorsey Station, Rosser, Manitoba, about 26km northwest of Winnipeg, Canada.

The Province of Manitoba is situated in the center of Canada, immediately north of the Midwest United States. The Nelson River, located in the province, was up until the early 1960s an untapped resource for hydroelectric power. To provide electricity to the growing demand of the province, the government decided to tap into this abundant resource. Approximately 4,000 MW of generating capacity w as developed, 3,600 MW of which was hydro. Most of the hydro generation is located in the northern portion of the province. Quite remote from the load center in the south, Manitoba's two largest generating plants, Kettle Rapids and Long Spruce, with a combined capacity of 2200 MW, are located in the north.

More than 550 miles of transmission lines from the Kettle Generating Station to Winnipeg were constructed. Power is generated in alternating current (ac) and converted to direct current (dc) for economical reasons. Direct current was chosen because it loses less power and is more stable. Also, dc lines are 2/3 less expensive than ac lines.

To support the dc transmission line, over 3,900 guyed towers and 96 self supporting towers had to be constructed. One of the challenges of establishing this transmission line was the varied terrain and the presence of permafrost, which existed in some areas at 30ºF to 32º F (-1ºC to 0ºC), making the foundation subject to a reduction in soil strength and settling of up to 3 feet (1 meter).

The output of these plants (Kettle and Long Spruce) is then transmitted from Radisson and Henday Converter Stations (ac to dc) , via the Nelson River dc line, more than 600 miles (965 km) southward to Dorsey Station, located near Winnipeg. Initial DC service was established in 1972 and expanded to match generation additions, bringing the present total transmission capability to 2 , 500 MW.

The significance of this low-voltage line lies in the fact that for the first time two HVDC bipoles were paralleled and deparalleled using high voltage high-speed switches, the system being unique in the sense that Bipole 1 uses mercury arc valves while Bipole 2 comprises second generation thyristor valves.

A bipolar transmission line is defined as having two conductors consisting of one positive pole and one negative pole, which normally operate at equal current. The term bipole refers to the conversion equipment in the converter stations at both ends of Manitoba Hydro's HVDC transmission lines.

The other major advantage of the HVDC system is very low electric rates, one of the lowest in North America.

Map

Loading map...

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-''SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) was created at UC Berkeley as a class project in 1969-1970. It evolved to become the worldwide standard integrated circuit simulator. SPICE has been used to train many students in the intricacies of circuit simulation. SPICE and its descendants have become essential tools employed by virtually all integrated circuit designers.''
+== Nelson River HVDC Transmission&nbsp;System, 1972  ==
-'''The plaque may be viewed just inside the main entrance to Cory Hall at the University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cory Hall is the Electrical Engineering building at UC Berkeley and is the building where all three versions of SPICE were developed.'''
+[[Image:Nelson River HVDC System.jpg|thumb]][[IEEE Winnipeg Section History|IEEE Winnipeg Section]], Dedication: 3 June 2005&nbsp;
-SPICE was the first computer program for simulating the performance of integrated circuits that was readily available to undergraduate students for study of integrated circuit design. Hundreds of graduates from UC Berkeley and other universities became the backbone of the engineering workforce that moved the US to microelectronics to industry leadership in the 1970s. Graduates of Berkeley became leaders of today's largest firms delivering design automation capabilities for advanced microelectronics.
+''On 17 June 1972, the Nelson River High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system began delivery of electric power. It used the highest operating voltage to deliver the largest amount of power from a remote site to a city. The bipolar scheme gave superior line reliability and the innovative use of the controls added significantly to the overall system capabilities. Finally, the scheme used the largest mercury arc valves ever developed for such an application.''
-SPICE was much more than a simple program for instructional use. It was the first to incorporate sparse matrix analysis to permit economic simulation of large circuits, adjoint analysis for sensitivity to component variations and noise, built-in device models for "first-cut" design, and a simple user interface that evolved through the transitions from punched cards to dumb terminals to sophisticated workstations. For the first time, the developers of SPICE made source code widely available, enabling others to contribute more sophisticated device models and additional analysis capabilities. These factors contributed to its dominant status in the subsequent development of both open-source and proprietary circuit simulation software.
+'''The two plaques may be viewed at either&nbsp;Manitoba Hydro's Radisson and Henday Station&nbsp;(Nelson&nbsp;River),Manitoba, Canada, or at Manitoba Hydro's Dorsey Station, Rosser, Manitoba, about 26km northwest of Winnipeg, Canada.'''
-== References and Further Reading ==
+The Province of Manitoba is situated in the center of Canada, immediately north of the Midwest United States. The Nelson River, located in the province, was up until the early 1960s an untapped resource for hydroelectric power. To provide electricity to the growing demand of the province, the government decided to tap into this abundant resource. Approximately 4,000 MW of generating capacity w as developed, 3,600 MW of which was hydro. Most of the hydro generation is located in the northern portion of the province. Quite remote from the load center in the south, Manitoba's two largest generating plants, Kettle Rapids and Long Spruce, with a combined capacity of 2200 MW, are located in the north.
-[1] L. W. Nagel, “CANCER: Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits Excluding Radiation,”
+More than 550 miles of transmission lines from the Kettle Generating Station to Winnipeg were constructed. Power is generated in alternating current (ac) and converted to direct current (dc) for economical reasons. Direct current was chosen because it loses less power and is more stable. Also, dc lines are 2/3 less expensive than ac lines.
-Masters Report, Dept of EECS, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, December 11, 1970.
-[2] R. A. Rohrer, L. W. Nagel, R. Meyer, and L. Weber, “CANCER: Computer Analysis of
+To support the dc transmission line, over 3,900 guyed towers and 96 self supporting towers had to be constructed. One of the challenges of establishing this transmission line was the varied terrain and the presence of permafrost, which existed in some areas at 30ºF to 32º F (-1ºC to 0ºC), making the foundation subject to a reduction in soil strength and settling of up to 3 feet (1 meter).
-Nonlinear Circuits Excluding Radiation,” 1971 IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuit Conference,
-Philadelphia, PA, February 18, 1971, pp. 124-125.
-[3] L. Nagel and R. Rohrer, "Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits, Excluding Radiation
+The output of these plants (Kettle and Long Spruce) is then transmitted from Radisson and Henday Converter Stations (ac to dc) , via the Nelson River dc line, more than 600 miles (965 km) southward to Dorsey Station, located near Winnipeg. Initial DC service was established in 1972 and expanded to match generation additions, bringing the present total transmission capability to 2 , 500 MW.
-(CANCER)," IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, Vol SC-6, No 4, August 1971, pp. 166-182.
-[4] L. W. Nagel and D. O. Pederson, “Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis
+The significance of this low-voltage line lies in the fact that for the first time two HVDC bipoles were paralleled and deparalleled using high voltage high-speed switches, the system being unique in the sense that Bipole 1 uses mercury arc valves while Bipole 2 comprises second generation thyristor valves.
-(SPICE),” presented at 16th Midwest Symp. on Circuit Theory, Ontario, Canada, April 12, 1973
-and available as Memorandum No ERL-M382, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of
-Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA,
-[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1973/ERL-382.pdf]]
-[5] L. W. Nagel, “SPICE2: A Computer Program to Simulate Semiconductor Circuits,” PhD
+A bipolar transmission line is defined as having two conductors consisting of one positive pole and one negative pole, which normally operate at equal current. The term bipole refers to the conversion equipment in the converter stations at both ends of Manitoba Hydro's HVDC transmission lines.
-dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, May 9 1975 and available as Memorandum No
-ERL-M520, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of California,
-Berkeley, CA, [[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1975/ERL-520.pdf]].
-[6] E. Cohen, “Program Reference for SPICE2,” University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo
+The other major advantage of the HVDC system is very low electric rates, one of the lowest in North America.
-UCB/ERL M75/520, May 1975, [[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1976/ERL-592.pdf]].
-[7] A. Vladimeriscu and S. Liu, “The Simulation of MOS Integrated Circuits Using SPICE2,”
-University of California, Berkeley, UCB/ERL M80/7, October 1980,
-[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1980/ERL-80-7.pdf]].
-[8] A. Vladimirescu, K. Zhang, A. R. Newton, D. O. Pederson and A. L. Sangiovanni-
-Vincentelli, “SPICE Version 2G User’s Guide,” Dept. of EECS, University of California,
-Berkeley, August 1981.
-[9] T. L. Quarles, “Analysis of Performance Issues and Convergence in Circuit Simulation,”
-University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo UCB/ERL M89/42. April 1989,
-[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1980/ERL-80-7.pdf]].
-[10] T. L. Quarles, “SPICE3 Version 3C1 User’s Guide,” University of California, Berkeley,
-ERL Memo UCB/ERL M89/46, April 1989,
-[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1989/ERL-89-46.pdf]].
-== Letter from the site owner giving permission to place IEEE milestone plaque on the property ==
-[[Media:IEEE.Plaque.SPICE.pdf|SPICE Milestone Support Letter]]<br>[[Media:Historical_references_for_SPICE.pdf|Historical references for SPICE.pdf]]</p>
-== Proposal and Nomination ==
-[[Milestone-Proposal:Birthplace of the SPICE Circuit Simulation Program, 1971]]
-[[Milestone-Nomination:Birthplace of the SPICE Circuit Simulation Program, 1971]]
 == Map ==
-{{#display_map:37.875131, -122.257501~ ~ ~ ~ ~University of California, Berkeley|height=250|zoom=10|static=yes|center=37.875131, -122.257501}}
+{{#display_map:54.218428, -97.613096~ ~ ~ ~ ~Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada|height=250|zoom=10|static=yes|center=54.218428, -97.613096}}
-[[Category:Computer_science|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Energy|{{PAGENAME}}]]
-[[Category:Computing|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Power_engineering|{{PAGENAME}}]]
-[[Category:Data_systems|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:High-voltage_techniques|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Power_generation|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Power_distribution|{{PAGENAME}}]]