Milestone-Proposal:LORAN: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:04, 12 December 2010

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Pierce Loran.pdf
Loran1.jpg .png
Loran_chart.png

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 {{ProposalEdit|a1=LORAN|a2a=Cambridge MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=1940 to 1946|a4=What exactly is proposed? Not for any one single invention but for the design, development, building and launching a near global radio navigation system in the 1940s that helped turn the course of the war in Europe and in the Pacific.  Within a matter of years, a complex radio navigation system called loran went on the air to create e a network for ship- borne navigators to find their way across the North Atlantic. In the same manner, the radio navigation system built to provide coverage in the Pacific Ocean. Loran was a totally new American system of navigation pressed into service during the 1940s used by thousands of navigators over three-tenths of te surface of the earth (1946).
+This illustrates the coverage provided by loran in 1946:
+INSERT CHART 1946
+[[Loran 1.jpg .png]]
+The building of the North Atlantic Chain in 1942 - 1943:
+The first Loran-A pair was on the air permanently by June 1942 (Montauk Point, NY, and Fenwick Is, Del.), and by October there were additional stations along the Canadian east coast. The system became operational in early 1943, and late that year stations were established in Greenland, Iceland, the Faeroes and the Hebrides to complete the North Atlantic cover, some being operated by the Royal Navy. At the request of the RAF, another station was put into the Shetlands to cover Norway, and Loran was eventually used by over 450 aircraft of Coastal Command.
+See USGC website on the history ...
+The building of loran in the Pacific:
+But it was in the Pacific that Loran made its greatest direct contribution to winning the war. Distances in the Pacific Ocean are enormous. As American forces moved westward, air fields were built on many of the small islands and atolls that dot the ocean beyond Hawaii. The limited range of many World War II aircraft demanded that they frequently land and refuel. Navigation by celestial observations is possible only when weather permits and, moreover, it requires a highly trained man who does little on the plane except navigate. Because of the lengthy training required, celestial navigators, particularly on Army Air Corps planes, were extremely scarce. Thus it was that loran provided the easy-to-use, accurate navigational system required to and the air fields so necessary for refueling.
-This illustrates the coverage provided by loran in 1946:
-Coverage in the Pacific was based on westward expansion of the war and the fact that airplanes had a short range ... conssssidered . .
 ADD WORDS ABOUT PLANES
 The milestone credits both the engineers, academics, and scientists associated with the MIT Radiation Laboratory, both  civilians and military persons assigned to the high frequency navigation .. Especially the USCG who played a major role throughout the initial operations of loran. There ... continued ever since...  Pierce stated
 “In the summer of 1943, the United Coast Guard made the first independent installation of  LORAN transmitting stations  in the Aleutian Island. The equipment in this case had been constructed in the Radiation Laboratory,  as Naval procurement had not yet come into effect. Since then, the Coast Guard has installed some twenty-five stations in the Pacific, climaxing its efforts with stations at Jima and Okinawa, which were erected closely on the heels of the invading forces. Of special significance in the Pacific warfare were stations in the Mariannas, which provided very effective guidance  for the 20th Air Force in its bombing of Japan.”