Milestone-Proposal:LORAN: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:05, 8 December 2010

This Proposal has not been submitted and may only be edited by the original author.
Pierce Loran.pdf

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-{{ProposalEdit|a1=LORAN|a2a=Cambridge MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=1940 to 2010|a4=Long lasting near global radio navigation system.
+{{ProposalEdit|a1=LORAN|a2a=Cambridge MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=1940 to 2010|a4=
-Timeline 1940 to about 1945. why limited
+The following paragraphs tell the story of Loran's beginning, its first leaders, location where the work was performed, the installation of the first
+Engineering is not a solo activity. When a grande long-lived engineered system like LORAN, .. this nomination milestone gives credit to those persons that worked  on the so-called Project 3 or C of the Radiation Laboratory of MIT during 1941 to c1946.  This group of individuals did not work in the Rad Lab building, having nothing to do with microwave or radar. These individuals work in the Hood Building and other building in Boston and Cambridge. The USCG had a permanent office working on this project. One person in particular that deserves mention is  Coast Guard Lt. Cmdr. L.M. Harding who provided supervision and  direction for the Pacific  Loran  ...
+The first leader of the group was Melville Eastma,  . . He was replaced by Jack Pierce of Harvard ..   was an authority
+Long lasting near global radio navigation system. Evolved from LORAN, SS-LORAN, LORAN-A, and LORAN-C  which was taken out of service recently.
+Period of interests: 1940 to 1946 when a new from of radio navigation is proposed, 1941 when R&D work begins, throughout  WW2, to 1946 when LORAN is a well established engineered system globally. LORAN's service to just recentlly is treayed in ..... .
+Timeline 1940 to about 1945. why limited . .
+Jack Pierce's epic article published by the IEEE in 1946 is the prime source for the information here. JA Pierce was . . . and took over leadership c1943 when Melville Eastman retired from the project.
+In the spring of 1941, a small technical group was formed to receive and test some radio navigation equipment already being fabricated. This group, headed by Melville Eastman of the Microwave Committee, founder of General Radio Corporation of Cambridge, was organized under the newly formed Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which it drew two or three key personnel, while other were recruited from outside sources. Further research and investigations were undertaken and soon indicated that changes in the basic design were necessary..
+ radio frequency, patterns, wave reflection
+LORAN CITATION
+JA Pierce
+“In less than 5 years, loran, the American embodiment of a new method of navigation, has grown from a concept into service used by tens of thousands of navigators over three tenths of the surface of the earth. Even under the stress of military urgency, the direct cost of this system has been less than two percent of the seventy-five million dollars so far spent for operational equipment. ” JA Pierce 1946.
+“With the realization that an effective new aid to navigation had come into being, a Naval Training School for station operators and navigators was set up (Boston or Cambridge) and turned over by the Radiation Laboratory to the Coast Guard and the Canadian Navy. The three northern stations came into operation in the spring of 1943, and were also turned over to the Coast Guard after operation had become routine. The Bureau of Ships began to take over the procurement of ground-station equipment, while the Army Air Forces were contracting for the development of an
+air-borne receiver-indicator.” JA Pierce.
+“In the summer of 1943, the United Coast Guard made the first independent installation of  LORAN transmitting stations  in the Aleutian Island. The equipment in this case had been constructed in the Radiation Laboratory,  as Naval procurement had not yet come into effect. Since then, the Coast Guard has installed some twenty-five stations in the Pacific, climaxing its efforts with stations at Jima and Okinawa, which were erected closely on the heels of the invading forces. Of special significance in the Pacific warfare were stations in the Mariannas, which provided very effective guidance  for the 20th Air Force in its bombing of Japan.”
+“At the end of the war some seventy loran transmitting stations  were in operations providing nighttime service over 60 million square miles or three tenths of the earth’s surface”.  (see figure attached). “ Pierce
+“About 75,000 ship-borne and air-borne navigator’s receivers had been delivered by a number of manufactured. The Hydrographic Office, which had been preparing loran charts since the early days of naval use of the system, had shipped two-and-a-quarter million charts to various operating agencies. Pierce
+“The total cost of the loran research, development and procurement of the Radiation Laboratory….  Charges for R&D which produced the loran system can be assessed at no more than 2% of the investment in equipment….  Demonstrate that R&D can exists and be efficient under difficult conditions obtaining in wartime…. Pierce
+The USCG gets much of the credit forLORAN's initial development and for its success by ensuring its safe and reliable service. Its very doubtful that are great engineered system can last very long without proper operation and maintenance. Therefore Loran's long term success can be attributed to USGC members like . .
 System Description
 Refer to Pierce article
-Insert a few drawings / illustrations....
+INSERT IMAGE HERE  showing the extent of coverage in 5 years of effort... 1946
 LORAN first signal began transmissions during the summer 1941. New LORAN transmitting stations were added around the Atlantic coast throughout WW2 and the continental United States. The LORAN-C system became obsolete, replaced by GPS navigation system and the LORAN system was terminated in a special ceremony orchestrated by USGC Washington headquarters in 8 February 2010.theHow the LORAN project was initiated, organized and managed is very interested, if not note worthy.
 Rapid construction under extreme weather conditions. System operation by operators from different nations: US, Canada and Denmark. Collaborative effort. MIT Lab was initially responsible for the entire program, but under close hands-on direction of the USCG.  USGC's role increased.
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 . Alexander A. McKenzie, “LORAN-THE LATEST IN NAVIGATIONAL AIDS,” QST, Part I , vol. 29. pp. 12-16. December, 1945; part 2. vol. 30, pp. 54-57. January, 1946; part 3, vol. 30, pp, 62-65, February, 1946
-http://www.insidegnss.com/node/1806#Baseband_Technologies_Inc_|a5=Early example of a critical war .. CRASH engineering project.
+http://www.insidegnss.com/node/1806#Baseband_Technologies_Inc_|a5=The author is not aware of any stationary electrical system of such magnitude operating so reliably and globally. But this is just my own personal views...
-Global, air and ships
+Early example of a critical war .. CRASH engineering project. Rapid development, large complex organizations( equipment fabrication, procurement, construction... groups
-Time was critically important, getting the radio navigation grid up and running
+Global, air and shipsTime was critically important, getting the radio navigation grid up and running
 fast track electronic / radio navigation system
 Construction, O&M and dedicated persons / Hers