Milestone-Proposal:LORAN: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:27, 9 December 2010

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Pierce Loran.pdf

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-{{ProposalEdit|a1=LORAN|a2a=Cambridge MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=1940 to 1946|a4=LORAN is a hyperbolic system of navigation by which difference in distance from two points on shore is determined by measurement of the time interval  between reception of pulse- modulated synchronized signals from transmitters at the two points. The name LORAN is derived from long-range navigation. Since it operates in the 1,750 to 1,950 kc frequency range, both ground waves and sky waves can be used to to provide coverage over an extensive area with few stations.  An important advantage of loran is  that a ship can  use loran without breaking radio silence. Loran transmitting stations work in pairs. Synchronization is achieved by letting the signals of the Master station, control those of the Slave station. To help overcome the disadvantage of requiring two transmitting stations for a single family of hyperbolic  lines of positions, loran  forms a chain of stations, so that each station except the end ones operate with the station on either side to form an intersecting lattice of position lines.
+{{ProposalEdit|a1=LORAN|a2a=Cambridge MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=1940 to 1946|a4=LORAN is a hyperbolic system of navigation by which difference in distance from two points on shore is determined by measurement of the time interval  between reception of pulse- modulated synchronized signals from transmitters at the two points. The name LORAN is derived from long-range navigation. Since it operates in the 1,750 to 1,950 kc frequency range, both ground waves and sky waves can be used to to provide coverage over an extensive area with few stations.  An important advantage of loran during the WW2 was that a ship could  use loran without breaking radio silence. Loran transmitting stations work in pairs. Synchronization is achieved by letting the signals of the Master station, control those of the Slave station. To help overcome the disadvantage of requiring two transmitting stations for a single family of hyperbolic  lines of positions, loran  forms a chain of stations, so that each station except the end ones operate with the station on either side to form an intersecting lattice of position lines.
+Loran consist of three components: 1.  a chain of radio transmitters in operations 24/7 to create an electronic lattice or grid upon the surface of the earth.  2. a loran receiver-indicator in each ship or aircraft and  3. loran nautical charts or tables published by the US Navy Hydrographic Office. A simple explanation of loran can be found is section on loran as an Attachment named "American Practical Navigator"
+INSERT OR REFER TO DOC..
+Each ship or bomber required a radio receiver- indicator, something like a electronic stopwatch but with a cathode ray tube, timing circuits, etc. The third system component was Loran charts or tables wasThen the navigator
 The following paragraphs tell the story of Loran's beginning, its first leaders, location where the work was performed, the installation of the first
 Engineering is not a solo activity. When a grande long-lived engineered system like LORAN, .. this nomination milestone gives credit to those persons that worked  on the so-called Project 3 or C of the Radiation Laboratory of MIT during 1941 to c1946.  This group of individuals did not work in the Rad Lab building, having nothing to do with microwave or radar. These individuals work in the Hood Building and other building in Boston and Cambridge. The USCG had a permanent office working on this project. One person in particular that deserves mention is  Coast Guard Lt. Cmdr. L.M. Harding who provided supervision and  direction for the Pacific  Loran  ...
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 . Alexander A. McKenzie, “LORAN-THE LATEST IN NAVIGATIONAL AIDS,” QST, Part I , vol. 29. pp. 12-16. December, 1945; part 2. vol. 30, pp. 54-57. January, 1946; part 3, vol. 30, pp, 62-65, February, 1946
-http://www.insidegnss.com/node/1806#Baseband_Technologies_Inc_|a5=Although there were other hyperbolic air navigation system at the time, notably the British gee system, none designed nor available nor existed to aid the war effort.   he gee system was used in the UK.
+http://www.insidegnss.com/node/1806#Baseband_Technologies_Inc_|a5=
+Todays' loran is an extensive system, originally conceived and designed by the Radiation Laboratory of MIT, then placed in service for mariners all over the world.  When loran was conceived in 1940, the British had invented the Gee system for their Royal Air Force. To what extent loran was born out of Gee's concepts is unresolved and academic.  Gee was also a pulse-modulated hyperbolic navigation system, similar to loran. Gee operated at lower frequencies and was limited to line-of-sight distances, of 400 miles or so. Gee was intended primarily for aircraft during WW2.
+Atlantic
+Although there were other hyperbolic air navigation system at the time, notably the British gee system, none designed nor available nor existed to aid the war effort.   he gee system was used in the UK.
 No other system existed or was available or ready during the 1940s to support the war effort. Convoys travelling the North Atlantic Atlantic  weresafe journey ...
 The extent to which Loran had been used t tis day.. evident by mariners and navigators with nautical charts.  Prevelence of nautical charts with Loran marks all over them..??
 The author is not aware of any stationary electrical system of such magnitude operating so reliably and globally. But this is just my own personal views...
 Early example of a critical war .. CRASH engineering project. Rapid development, large complex organizations( equipment fabrication, procurement, construction... groups
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 Coast Guard Lt. Cmdr. L.M. Harding|a6=Location of transmitters around the world in remote wilderness areas.
 Radiation Lab and Coast Guard  &&&  personnel Defficulties of supplying the LORAN crews
 Loran stations in Greenland, Newfoundland, and Labrador especially hard. Getting these loran stations built, staffed, and supplied was especially trying.  To get an idea as to geography, and the conditions faced by Rad Lab, Coast Guard and military personnel responsible for getting the North Atlantic Loran System , look at
 SECTION II
 THE NORTH ATLANTIC LORAN SYSTEM
 CHAPTER 1
 Site survey for Bona Vista and Battle Harbor - Results of USS MANASQUAN tests - Navy proposes seven-unit chain for North Atlantic - Preliminary training program - Boccaro and Deming under construction - Siting of #5, #6, and #7 - Equipment procurement difficulties begin.
 CHAPTER 2
 Construction at Bona Vista.
 CHAPTER 3
 Construction at Battle Harbor.
 CHAPTER 4
 Construction at Greenland.
 Construction in remote areas
 Need for international cooperation - between Canada, Denmark.