Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. List of Significant Innovations & Discoveries (1925-1983): Difference between revisions
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*Compiled by A. Michael Noll (with personal knowledge and an admitted bias toward speech research and computer graphics) and with sagacious comments from several Bell Telephone Laboratories colleagues. | *Compiled by A. Michael Noll (with personal knowledge and an admitted bias toward speech research and computer graphics) and with sagacious comments from several Bell Telephone Laboratories colleagues. | ||
*Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (BTL) was formed in 1925 and existed until the breakup of the Bell System on January 1, 1984. Only this period of nearly six decades is included here. | *Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (BTL) was formed in 1925 and existed until the breakup of the Bell System on January 1, 1984. Only this period of nearly six decades is included here. | ||
*Innovations and discoveries were chosen to be significant new directions and not just incremental advances. However, a few “fascinating” ones, such as the “dunking bird,” have been included. | *Innovations and discoveries were chosen to be significant new directions and not just incremental advances. However, a few “fascinating” ones, such as the “dunking bird,” have been included. | ||
*Tens of thousands of engineers, scientists, technicians, and others worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories, and all contributed in their own way to the overall accomplishments of the organization. Only a small few are listed here though. | *Tens of thousands of engineers, scientists, technicians, and others worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories, and all contributed in their own way to the overall accomplishments of the organization. Only a small few are listed here though. | ||
*On many of the larger development projects and systems, large engineering teams were involved, and accordingly individuals are not named. | *On many of the larger development projects and systems, large engineering teams were involved, and accordingly individuals are not named. | ||
{| width="600" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | {| width="600" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Year''' | | '''Year''' | ||
| '''Innovation or Discovery''' | | '''Innovation or Discovery''' | ||
| '''Innovators''' | | '''Innovators''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1925 | | 1925 | ||
|Electrical Sound Recording | | Electrical Sound Recording | ||
|[[Oral-History:Joseph Maxfield|Joseph Maxfield]] & Harry Harrison | | [[Oral-History:Joseph Maxfield|Joseph Maxfield]] & Harry Harrison | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1925 | | 1925 | ||
|Quality Control Theory | | Quality Control Theory | ||
|W. A. Shewhart | | W. A. Shewhart | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1926 | | 1926 | ||
|Thermal Noise | | Thermal Noise | ||
|John B. Johnson | | John B. Johnson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1926 | | 1926 | ||
|Antenna Arrays | | Antenna Arrays | ||
|R. M. Foster | | R. M. Foster | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1926 | | 1926 | ||
|Permendur Magnetic Alloy | | Permendur Magnetic Alloy | ||
|G. W. Elmen | | G. W. Elmen | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Negative Feedback Amplification | | Negative Feedback Amplification | ||
|[[Oral-History:Harold S. Black|Harold Black]] | | [[Oral-History:Harold S. Black|Harold Black]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Television Transmission | | Television Transmission | ||
|Herbert E. Ives | | Herbert E. Ives | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Quartz Electronic Clock | | Quartz Electronic Clock | ||
|Warren Marrison | | Warren Marrison | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Transatlantic Telephone Service | | Transatlantic Telephone Service | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Wave Nature of the Electron | | Wave Nature of the Electron | ||
|Clinton J. Davisson & Lester. H. Germer | | Clinton J. Davisson & Lester. H. Germer | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Wearable Electronic Hearing Aid | | Wearable Electronic Hearing Aid | ||
|[[Harvey Fletcher]] | | [[Harvey Fletcher]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | | 1927 | ||
|Telephone Trunking Traffic Analysis | | Telephone Trunking Traffic Analysis | ||
|Edward C. Molina | | Edward C. Molina | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1928 | | 1928 | ||
|Sampling Theorem | | Sampling Theorem | ||
|[[Harry Nyquist]] | | [[Harry Nyquist]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1929 | | 1929 | ||
|Artificial Larynx | | Artificial Larynx | ||
|Robert R. Riesz | | Robert R. Riesz | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1929 | | 1929 | ||
|Broadband Coaxial Cable | | Broadband Coaxial Cable | ||
|[[Lloyd Espenschied|Lloyd Espenschied]] & Herbert A. Apfel | | [[Lloyd Espenschied|Lloyd Espenschied]] & Herbert A. Apfel | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1929 | | 1929 | ||
|Ship-to-Shore Radio System | | Ship-to-Shore Radio System | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1929 | | 1929 | ||
|Frequency Interleaving of TV Signal | | Frequency Interleaving of TV Signal | ||
|Frank Gray & John R. Hefele | | Frank Gray & John R. Hefele | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1930 | | 1930 | ||
|Moving-Coil Microphone | | Moving-Coil Microphone | ||
|E. C. Wente & A. L. Thuras | | [[Edward C. Wente|E. C. Wente]] & A. L. Thuras | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1930 | | 1930 | ||
|Negative Impedance Repeater | | Negative Impedance Repeater | ||
|George Crisson | | George Crisson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1931 | | 1931 | ||
|Radio Astronomy | | [[Beginnings of radio astronomy|Radio Astronomy]] | ||
|Karl Jansky | | Karl Jansky | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1931 | | 1931 | ||
|Rhombic Antenna | | Rhombic Antenna | ||
|Harald T. Friis & E. Bruce | | [[Harald T. Friis|Harald T. Friis]] & E. Bruce | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1931 | | 1931 | ||
|TWX Exchange Teletypewriter Svc | | TWX Exchange Teletypewriter Svc | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1931 | | 1931 | ||
|Stereophonic Recording on Film | | [[Stereophonic Sound|Stereophonic Recording on Film]] | ||
|Harvey Fletcher | | [[Harvey Fletcher]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1931-32 | | 1931-32 | ||
|Stereophonic Sound Rec. (45°) | | Stereophonic Sound Rec. (45°) | ||
|Harvey Fletcher, Arthur C. Keller | | [[Harvey Fletcher]], [[Oral-History:Arthur C. Keller|Arthur C. Keller]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1932 | | 1932 | ||
|Stability Criteria Diagrams | | Stability Criteria Diagrams | ||
|Harry Nyquist | | [[Harry Nyquist]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1932 | | 1932 | ||
|Waveguide Experiments &Theory | | [[Waveguides|Waveguide Experiments &Theory]] | ||
|G. Southworth, A. King, A. E. Bowen | | [[George C. Southworth|G. Southworth]], [[Oral-History:Archie King|A. King]], A. E. Bowen | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1933 | | 1933 | ||
|Equal-Loudness Contours | | Equal-Loudness Contours | ||
|Harvey Fletcher & Wilden A. Munson | | [[Harvey Fletcher]] & Wilden A. Munson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1933 | | 1933 | ||
|Vitamin B1 Isolation Process | | Vitamin B1 Isolation Process | ||
|Robert R. Williams | | Robert R. Williams | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1933 | | 1933 | ||
|Stereophonic Sound Transmission | | Stereophonic Sound Transmission | ||
|Harvey Fletcher | | [[Harvey Fletcher]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1934 | | 1934 | ||
|Raster Scan TV System | | Raster Scan TV System | ||
|Pierre Mertz & Frank Gray | | Pierre Mertz & Frank Gray | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1936 | | 1936 | ||
|Stereophonc Phonograph Record | | Stereophonc Phonograph Record | ||
|Arthur C. Keller & Irad S. Rafuse | | [[Oral-History:Arthur C. Keller|Arthur C. Keller]] & Irad S. Rafuse | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1936 | | 1936 | ||
|Vocoder Speech Synthesis | | [[Vocoders and Voders|Vocoder Speech Synthesis]] | ||
|Homer Dudley | | Homer Dudley | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1936 | | 1936 | ||
|Reed Switch | | Reed Switch | ||
|Walter B. Elwood | | Walter B. Elwood | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1936 | | 1936 | ||
|High-Efficiency AM-Transmit. Amp. | | High-Efficiency AM-Transmit. Amp. | ||
| | | William H. Doherty | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1937 | | 1937 | ||
|Boolean Logic Relay Computer | | Boolean Logic Relay Computer | ||
|George Robert Stibitz & S. B. Williams | | George Robert Stibitz & S. B. Williams | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1937 | | 1937 | ||
|Velocity Modulation Diode | | Velocity Modulation Diode | ||
|Frederick B. Llewellyn | | [[Frederick Llewellyn|Frederick B. Llewellyn]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1937 | | 1937 | ||
|Isograph Analog Comp.for Poly. 0s | | Isograph Analog Comp.for Poly. 0s | ||
|R. L. Dietzold | | R. L. Dietzold | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1937-38 | | 1937-38 | ||
|Voder Speech Synthesizer | | Voder Speech Synthesizer | ||
|Homer Dudley | | Homer Dudley | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1938 | | 1938 | ||
|Crossbar Switching System | | Crossbar Switching System | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1938 | | 1938 | ||
|Insertion Parameter Filter Design | | Insertion Parameter Filter Design | ||
|Sidney Darlington | | [[Sidney Darlington|Sidney Darlington]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1938 | | 1938 | ||
|Phase-Gain Stability Criteria | | Phase-Gain Stability Criteria | ||
|Hendrik W. Bode | | [[Hendrik W. Bode|Hendrik W. Bode]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1939 | | 1939 | ||
|Complex Number Calculator | | Complex Number Calculator | ||
|George Robert Stibitz & S. B. Williams | | George Robert Stibitz & S. B. Williams | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1939 | | 1939 | ||
|P-N Junction | | P-N Junction | ||
|Russell Shoemaker Ohl | | [[Russell Ohl|Russell Shoemaker Ohl]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1939 | | 1939 | ||
|Smith Chart for Transmission Lines | | [[Smith Chart|Smith Chart for Transmission Lines]] | ||
|Phillip H. Smith | | [[Philip Smith|Phillip H. Smith]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1940 | | 1940 | ||
|Pierce Electron Gun | | Pierce Electron Gun | ||
|John R. Pierce | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1940s | | 1940s | ||
|Thermistor Materials | | Thermistor Materials | ||
|G. L. Pearson, J. A. Becker & C. B. Green | | G. L. Pearson, J. A. Becker & C. B. Green | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1940 | | 1940 | ||
|Reflex Klystron | | Reflex [[Klystron]] | ||
|John R. Pierce & W. G. Shepherd | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] & W. G. Shepherd | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1940 | | 1940 | ||
|Photovoltaic P-N Junction | | Photovoltaic P-N Junction | ||
|Russell Shoemaker Ohl | | [[Russell Ohl|Russell Shoemaker Ohl]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1941 | | 1941 | ||
|Sound Spectrograph | | Sound Spectrograph | ||
|W. Koenig, H. K. Dunn & L. Y. Lacy | | W. Koenig, H. K. Dunn & L. Y. Lacy | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1941 | | 1941 | ||
|Vocoder Speech Secrecy System | | Vocoder Speech Secrecy System | ||
|R. K. Potter & R. C. Mathes | | R. K. Potter & R. C. Mathes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1942 | | 1942 | ||
|Acoustic Homing Torpedo | | Acoustic Homing Torpedo | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1942 | | 1942 | ||
|Horn-Reflector Antenna | | Horn-Reflector Antenna | ||
|Harald T. Friis amp; Alfred C. Beck | | [[Harald T. Friis]] amp; Alfred C. Beck | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1943 | | 1943 | ||
|Echo-Ranging Sonar | | Echo-Ranging Sonar | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1943 | | 1943 | ||
|Microgel Synthetic Rubber | | Microgel Synthetic Rubber | ||
|William O. Baker & C. S. Fuller | | [[William O. Baker|William O. Baker]] & C. S. Fuller | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1943 | | 1943 | ||
|Computer-Contr. M5 Gun Director | | Computer-Contr. M5 Gun Director | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1944 | | 1944 | ||
|Close-Spaced Triode (Model 416) | | Close-Spaced Triode (Model 416) | ||
|Jack A. Morton | | Jack A. Morton | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1944 | | 1944 | ||
|Math.Treatment of Noise Theory | | Math.Treatment of Noise Theory | ||
|Stephen O. Rice | | [[Stephen Rice|Stephen O. Rice]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1940s | | 1940s | ||
|Microwave Radio Prop. Studies | | Microwave Radio Prop. Studies | ||
|A. B. Crawford & collaborators | | A. B. Crawford & collaborators | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1945 | | 1945 | ||
|Pulse Code Modulation Paper | | [[Bell Utilizes PCM Multiplexing|Pulse Code Modulation Paper]] | ||
|J. Pierce, C. Shannon & B. Oliver | | [[John Pierce|J. Pierce]], [[Claude Shannon|C. Shannon]] & [[Bernard Oliver|B. Oliver]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1945 | | 1945 | ||
|Nike Anti-Aircraft Missile Project | | Nike Anti-Aircraft Missile Project | ||
|Many | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1945 | | 1945 | ||
|“Dunking Brid” Amusement Dev. | | “Dunking Brid” Amusement Dev. | ||
|Miles V. Sullivan | | Miles V. Sullivan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1945 | | 1945 | ||
|Travelling-Wave-Tube Analysis | | Travelling-Wave-Tube Analysis | ||
|John R. Pierce | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1946 | | 1946 | ||
|L1 Coaxial Cable System | | L1 Coaxial Cable System | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1946 | | 1946 | ||
|Junction Solar Cell Patent | | Junction Solar Cell Patent | ||
|Russell Shoemaker Ohl | | [[Russell Ohl|Russell Shoemaker Ohl]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1947 | | 1947 | ||
|The Bit | | The Bit | ||
|John W. Tukey | | [[John Tukey|John W. Tukey]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1947 | | 1947 | ||
|Point-Contact Transistor | | [[Bell Demonstrates Transistor|Point-Contact Transistor]] | ||
|John Bardeen & Walter H. Brattain | | [[John Bardeen|John Bardeen]] & [[Walter H. Brattain|Walter H. Brattain]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1947 | | 1947 | ||
|Cellular Wireless Concept | | Cellular Wireless Concept | ||
|Donald H. Ring & W. Rae Young | | Donald H. Ring & W. Rae Young | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1947 | | 1947 | ||
|Helix Travelling Wave Tube | | Helix Travelling Wave Tube | ||
|John R. Pierce & L. M. Field | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] & L. M. Field | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1947 | | 1947 | ||
|Chirp Radar | | Chirp Radar | ||
|Sidney Darlington | | [[Sidney Darlington|Sidney Darlington]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1947 | | 1947 | ||
|TDX Microwave Radio System | | TDX Microwave Radio System | ||
|Harald T. Friis & G. N. Thayer | | [[Harald T. Friis]] & G. N. Thayer | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1948 | | 1948 | ||
|Information Theory | | [[Shannon Publishes on Communication Theory|Information Theory]] | ||
|Claude Shannon | | [[Claude Shannon]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1948 | | 1948 | ||
|Error Correcting Codes | | Error Correcting Codes | ||
|Richard W. Hamming | | Richard W. Hamming | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1948 | | 1948 | ||
|Bipolar Junction Transistor | | Bipolar Junction Transistor | ||
|William Shockley | | [[William Shockley]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1949 | | 1949 | ||
|Time Assignment Speech Interp. | | Time Assignment Speech Interp. | ||
|Carl B. H. Feldman | | Carl B. H. Feldman | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1949 | | 1949 | ||
|Semicond.Particle Detectors | | Semicond.Particle Detectors | ||
|Kenneth G. Mckay | | Kenneth G. Mckay | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1949 | | 1949 | ||
|Gas Discharge Noise Tube | | Gas Discharge Noise Tube | ||
|W. W. Mumford | | W. W. Mumford | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1950 | | 1950 | ||
|TD Transcon. M-wave Rad. Sys. | | TD Transcon. M-wave Rad. Sys. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1950 | | 1950 | ||
|Spat. Harm. Trav. Wv. Tube Amp. | | Spat. Harm. Trav. Wv. Tube Amp. | ||
|Sidney Millman | | Sidney Millman | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1950 | | 1950 | ||
|Differential PCM of TV Signals | | Differential PCM of TV Signals | ||
|C. C. Cutler, C. W. Harrison & B. M. Oliver | | [[C. Chapin Cutler|C. C. Cutler]], C. W. Harrison & [[Bernard Oliver|B. M. Oliver]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1950 | | 1950 | ||
|Model of Basilar Membrane | | Model of Basilar Membrane | ||
|L. C. Peterson & Bruce P. Bogert | | L. C. Peterson & Bruce P. Bogert | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1950 | | 1950 | ||
|High-Quality Synth,Qtz Growth | | High-Quality Synth,Qtz Growth | ||
|A. Walker, G. Kohman, E. Buehler & R. Laudise | | A. Walker, G. Kohman, E. Buehler & R. Laudise | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1950 | | 1950 | ||
|Trans. Line Model of Vocal Tract | | Trans. Line Model of Vocal Tract | ||
|H. K. Dunn | | H. K. Dunn | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1951 | | 1951 | ||
|Zone Refining | | Zone Refining | ||
|William G. Pfann | | William G. Pfann | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1951 | | 1951 | ||
|Direct Distance Dialing | | Direct Distance Dialing | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1951 | | 1951 | ||
|Polymer Carbon | | Polymer Carbon | ||
|W. O. Baker & F. H. Winslow | | [[William O. Baker|W. O. Baker]] & F. H. Winslow | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1951 | | 1951 | ||
|Epitaxial Deposition | | Epitaxial Deposition | ||
|Gordon Teal & Howard Christensen | | [[Gordon Teal|Gordon Teal]] & Howard Christensen | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1951 | | 1951 | ||
|Stochastic Service Arrival Traffic | | Stochastic Service Arrival Traffic | ||
|J. Riordan | | J. Riordan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1952 | | 1952 | ||
|Ion Implantation | | Ion Implantation | ||
|R. S. Ohl & William S. Shockley | | [[Russell Ohl|R. S. Ohl]] & [[William Shockley|William S. Shockley]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1953 | | 1953 | ||
|Photo-Transistor | | Photo-Transistor | ||
|J. N. Shive | | J. N. Shive | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1953 | | 1953 | ||
|Reflected Binary Code | | Reflected [[Binary Numbers and Binary Math|Binary]] Code | ||
|Frank Gray | | Frank Gray | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1953 | | 1953 | ||
|Avalanche Photodiode Physics | | Avalanche Photodiode Physics | ||
|Kenneth G. McKay & K. B. McAfee | | Kenneth G. McKay & K. B. McAfee | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1954 | | 1954 | ||
|Photovoltaic Solar Cell | | Photovoltaic Solar Cell | ||
|D. Chapin, C. Souther Fuller & G. Pearson | | D. Chapin, C. Souther Fuller & G. Pearson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1954 | | 1954 | ||
|Formant Vocoder | | Formant Vocoder | ||
|Eric S. Weibel | | Eric S. Weibel | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1954 | | 1954 | ||
|Coaxial Magnetron | | Coaxial Magnetron | ||
|Joseph Feinstein | | Joseph Feinstein | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1955 | | 1955 | ||
|Lin.Floating-Dec. Prog.Langs. | | Lin.Floating-Dec. Prog.Langs. | ||
|V. M. Wolontis & Richard W. Hamming | | V. M. Wolontis & Richard W. Hamming | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1955 | | 1955 | ||
|Directive Antenna Arrays | | Directive Antenna Arrays | ||
|E. N. Gilbert & S. P. Morgan | | E. N. Gilbert & S. P. Morgan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1955 | | 1955 | ||
|Diffused Emit. & Base Si Trans | | Diffused Emit. & Base Si Trans | ||
|Morris | | [[Oral-History:Morris_Tanenbaum|Morris Tanenbaum]] and D. E. Thomas | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1955 | | 1955 | ||
|Oxide Masking of Silicon Wafers | | Oxide Masking of Silicon Wafers | ||
|Carl J. Frosh & Lincoln Derrick | | Carl J. Frosh & Lincoln Derrick | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1955 | | 1955 | ||
|Pyrolytic C (Ablative HeatShield) | | Pyrolytic C (Ablative HeatShield) | ||
|F. H. Winslow & William O. Baker | | F. H. Winslow & [[William O. Baker|William O. Baker]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1956 | | 1956 | ||
|Polyethelene Cable Sheathing | | Polyethelene Cable Sheathing | ||
|W. Lincoln Hawkins | | W. Lincoln Hawkins | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1956 | | 1956 | ||
|P-I-N Photodiode Theory | | P-I-N Photodiode Theory | ||
|W. T. Read, Jr. | | W. T. Read, Jr. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1956 | | 1956 | ||
|TAT-1 | | [[Milestones:The First Submarine Transatlantic Telephone Cable System (TAT-1), 1956|TAT-1]] | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1957 | | 1957 | ||
|Supermendur Magnetic Alloy | | Supermendur Magnetic Alloy | ||
|H. L. B. Bould & D. H. Wenny | | H. L. B. Bould & D. H. Wenny | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1957 | | 1957 | ||
|Rare Earth Permanent Magnets | | Rare Earth Permanent Magnets | ||
|J. H. Wernick & E. A. Nesbitt | | J. H. Wernick & E. A. Nesbitt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1957 | | 1957 | ||
|Minimal Tree Algorithm | | Minimal Tree Algorithm | ||
|Robert C. Prim | | Robert C. Prim | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1957 | | 1957 | ||
|Computer Music | | [[Electronic and Computer Music|Computer Music]] | ||
|Max V. Mathews | | [[Max Mathews|Max V. Mathews]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1957 | | 1957 | ||
|Info. Rate of Human Channel | | Info. Rate of Human Channel | ||
|John R. Pierce & John E. Karlin | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] & John E. Karlin | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|Bell 101 Dataset Modem | | Bell 101 Dataset Modem | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|Laser | | [[Laser]] | ||
|Arthur L. Schawlow & Charles W. Townes | | [[Arthur L. Schawlow|Arthur L. Schawlow]] & [[Charles Townes|Charles W. Townes]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|Voice Excited Vocoder | | Voice Excited Vocoder | ||
|Manfred R. Schroeder | | [[Manfred R. Schroeder|Manfred R. Schroeder]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|Theory of Random Systems | | Theory of Random Systems | ||
|Philip Warren Anderson | | Philip Warren Anderson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|KNa Niobate Ceramic Del. Ln. | | KNa Niobate Ceramic Del. Ln. | ||
|L. Egerton & S. S. Flaschen | | L. Egerton & [[Oral-History:Steward Flaschen|S. S. Flaschen]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|Synthtic Quartz Crystal Growth | | Synthtic Quartz Crystal Growth | ||
|Robert A. Laudise & Albert Ballman | | Robert A. Laudise & Albert Ballman | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1958 | | 1958 | ||
|A/D Conversion Syst. for Audio | | A/D Conversion Syst. for Audio | ||
|E. David, Jr., M. Mathews & H. McDonald | | E. David, Jr., [[Max Mathews|M. Mathews]] & H. McDonald | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1959 | | 1959 | ||
|Macro-Instruction Programming | | Macro-Instruction Programming | ||
|M. Douglas McIlroy & Douglas E. Eastwood | | M. Douglas McIlroy & Douglas E. Eastwood | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1959 | | 1959 | ||
|Nike Zeus Anti-Ballistic Missile | | Nike Zeus Anti-Ballistic Missile | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|BLODI Block Diagr. Compiler | | BLODI Block Diagr. Compiler | ||
|John Kelly, Vic Vyssotsky & Carol Lochbaum | | John Kelly, Vic Vyssotsky & Carol Lochbaum | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|Echo Communications Satellite | | Echo Communications Satellite | ||
|John R. Pierce & team | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] & team | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|Order-of-Arrival Service Model | | Order-of-Arrival Service Model | ||
|Vaclav E. Benes | | Vaclav E. Benes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|MOS Transistor | | [[CMOS|MOS Transistor]] | ||
|John Atalla & Dawon Kahng | | John Atalla & Dawon Kahng | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|High Mag. Field Superconduc. | | High Mag. Field [[Superconductors|Superconduc.]] | ||
|J. Kunzler, F. Hsu, E. Buehler & J. Wernick | | J. Kunzler, F. Hsu, E. Buehler & J. Wernick | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|Silicon Epitaxy | | Silicon Epitaxy | ||
|Henry C. Theuerer | | Henry C. Theuerer | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|Helium-Neon Gas Laser | | Helium-Neon Gas Laser | ||
|A. Javan, W. R. Bennet & D. R. Herriott | | A. Javan, W. R. Bennet & D. R. Herriott | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|Space Saver Rotary Dial | | Space Saver Rotary Dial | ||
|Charles F. Matke | | Charles F. Matke | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960 | | 1960 | ||
|Superconduc. Nb-Sn Magnet | | Superconduc. Nb-Sn Magnet | ||
|John Eugene Kunzler | | John Eugene Kunzler | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1961 | | 1961 | ||
|T1 Digital Carrier Introduced | | T1 Digital Carrier Introduced | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1961 | | 1961 | ||
|Theory of Optical Resonators | | Theory of Optical Resonators | ||
|A. G. Fox & T. Li | | A. G. Fox & T. Li | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Cepstrum Pitch Detection | | Cepstrum Pitch Detection | ||
|Manfred R. Schroeder & A. Michael Noll | | [[Manfred R. Schroeder|Manfred R. Schroeder]] & [[A. Michael Noll]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Telstar Active Satellite Launch | | [[NASA Launches Telstar|Telstar Active Satellite Launch]] | ||
|John R. Pierce & Eugene O’Neil’s team | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] & [[Oral-History:Eugene O'Neill|Eugene O’Neil’s]] team | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Electret Microphone | | Electret Microphone | ||
|Gerhard Sessler & James E. West | | [[Gerhard Sessler|Gerhard Sessler]] & James E. West | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Adaptive Echo Canceller | | Adaptive Echo Canceller | ||
|J. Kelly, B. Logan, M. Sondhi & A. Presti | | J. Kelly, B. Logan, M. Sondhi & A. Presti | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Electronic Artificial Larynx | | Electronic Artificial Larynx | ||
|H. L. Barney, F. E. Haworth & H. K. Dunn | | H. L. Barney, F. E. Haworth & H. K. Dunn | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Basilar-Membrane Displace. | | Basilar-Membrane Displace. | ||
|James L. Flanagan | | [[James L. Flanagan|James L. Flanagan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Vocal-Tract Speech Synthesis | | Vocal-Tract Speech Synthesis | ||
|John L. Kelly, Jr. & Carol Lochbaum | | John L. Kelly, Jr. & Carol Lochbaum | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Digital Computer Art | | Digital Computer Art | ||
|A. Michael Noll | | [[A. Michael Noll]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Grating-Type Delay Line | | Grating-Type Delay Line | ||
|R. S. Duncan & Marsena R. Parker | | R. S. Duncan & Marsena R. Parker | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962 | | 1962 | ||
|Red Helium-Neon Laser | | Red Helium-Neon Laser | ||
|Alan White & J. Dane Rigden | | Alan White & J. Dane Rigden | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1962-68 | | 1962-68 | ||
|Nonmetric Mutltid.Scaling | | Nonmetric Mutltid.Scaling | ||
|R. Shepard, J. Kruskal & Newman Guttman | | R. Shepard, J. Kruskal & Newman Guttman | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1963 | | 1963 | ||
|Digital Filter Design | | Digital Filter Design | ||
|James F. Kaiser & Roger M. Golden | | [[Oral-History:James Kaiser|James F. Kaiser]] & Roger M. Golden | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1963 | | 1963 | ||
|Touchtone Dialing | | Touchtone Dialing | ||
|Leo Schenker | | Leo Schenker | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1963 | | 1963 | ||
|Chemiluminescence | | Chemiluminescence | ||
|Edwin A. Chandross | | Edwin A. Chandross | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1963 | | 1963 | ||
|BEFLIX | | BEFLIX | ||
|Kenneth C. Knowlton | | Kenneth C. Knowlton | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1963 | | 1963 | ||
|Thin-Film Delay Line | | Thin-Film Delay Line | ||
|Norman F. Foster | | Norman F. Foster | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1963 | | 1963 | ||
|ALPAK | | ALPAK | ||
|W. Stanley, B. A. Tague & J. P. Hyde | | W. Stanley, B. A. Tague & J. P. Hyde | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960s | | 1960s | ||
|Comp. Animation apps. | | Comp. Animation apps. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|Detect “Big-Bang” Radiation | | Detect “Big-Bang” Radiation | ||
|Arno A. Penzias & Robert W. Wilson | | [[Arno Allan Penzias|Arno A. Penzias]] & [[Robert Wilson|Robert W. Wilson]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|Adaptive Equalizer Modem | | Adaptive Equalizer Modem | ||
|Robert W. Lucky | | [[Robert W. Lucky|Robert W. Lucky]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|CO2 High-Power Laser | | CO2 High-Power Laser | ||
|C. Kumar N. Patel | | [[C. Kumar Patel|C. Kumar N. Patel]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|YAG Laser | | YAG Laser | ||
|J. E. Geusic, H. M. Marcos & L. G. Van Uitert | | J. E. Geusic, H. M. Marcos & L. G. Van Uitert | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|Argon Laser Retina Repair | | Argon Laser Retina Repair | ||
|Eugene I. Gordon & Edward F. Labuda | | [[Oral-History:Eugene Gordon|Eugene I. Gordon]] & Edward F. Labuda | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|Van Allen belt detection | | Van Allen belt detection | ||
|W. Brown, L. Lanzerotti & L. Medford | | W. Brown, L. Lanzerotti & L. Medford | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1964 | | 1964 | ||
|MULTICS Time-Share Comp. | | MULTICS Time-Share Comp. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1960s | | 1960s | ||
|Random-Dot & Self Stereo. | | Random-Dot & Self Stereo. | ||
|Bela Julesz | | Bela Julesz | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1965 | | 1965 | ||
|Stereoscopic Comp. Anim. | | Stereoscopic Comp. Anim. | ||
|A. Michael Noll | | [[A. Michael Noll]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1965 | | 1965 | ||
|#1 Electronic Switching Sys. | | #1 Electronic Switching Sys. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1965 | | 1965 | ||
|FFT | | FFT | ||
|John Tukey & J. W. Cooley (IBM) | | [[John Tukey|John Tukey]] & [[James W. Cooley|J. W. Cooley]] (IBM) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1965 | | 1965 | ||
|Ded. Lab. Interactive Comp. | | Ded. Lab. Interactive Comp. | ||
|Peter B. Denes | | Peter B. Denes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1965 | | 1965 | ||
|Remote GDT | | Remote GDT | ||
|William H. Ninke | | William H. Ninke | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1966 | | 1966 | ||
|List-Processing Comp. Lang. | | List-Processing Comp. Lang. | ||
|Kenneth C. Knowlton | | Kenneth C. Knowlton | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1966 | | 1966 | ||
|Comp.-Aided Lib. Distribution | | Comp.-Aided Lib. Distribution | ||
|W. Stanley Brown & Joseph F. Traub | | W. Stanley Brown & Joseph F. Traub | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1966 | | 1966 | ||
|Silicon Gate | | Silicon Gate | ||
|R. E. Kerwin, D. L. Klein & J. C. Sarace | | R. E. Kerwin, D. L. Klein & J. C. Sarace | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1967 | | 1967 | ||
|Linear Predictive Coding | | Linear Predictive Coding | ||
|Bishnu S. Atal & Manfred R. Schroeder | | [[Bishnu S. Atal|Bishnu S. Atal]] & [[Manfred R. Schroeder|Manfred R. Schroeder]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1967 | | 1967 | ||
|Magn.Bubble Memory Devs | | Magn.Bubble Memory Devs | ||
|A. H. Bobeck, H. E. D. Scovil & P. Michaelis | | A. H. Bobeck, H. E. D. Scovil & P. Michaelis | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1967 | | 1967 | ||
|Ion Implantation Implem. | | Ion Implantation Implem. | ||
|Alfred U. Mac Rae & Walter L. Brown | | Alfred U. Mac Rae & [[Walter L. Brown|Walter L. Brown]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1968 | | 1968 | ||
|Interactive 3D Input & Displ. | | Interactive 3D Input & Displ. | ||
|A. Michael Noll | | [[A. Michael Noll]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1968 | | 1968 | ||
|Speech Synthesis by Rule | | Speech Synthesis by Rule | ||
|Cecil H. Coker | | Cecil H. Coker | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1968 | | 1968 | ||
|Heterostructure Semic.Laser | | Heterostructure Semic.Laser | ||
|I. Hayashi & M. Panish | | I. Hayashi & M. Panish | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1968 | | 1968 | ||
|Molecular Beam Epitaxy | | Molecular Beam Epitaxy | ||
|John R. Arthur & A. Y. Cho | | John R. Arthur & [[Alfred Y. Cho|A. Y. Cho]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1968 | | 1968 | ||
|LED for Optical Fibers | | LED for Optical Fibers | ||
|C. A. Burrus | | [[Charles Sidney Burrus|C. A. Burrus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1969 | | 1969 | ||
|UNIX™ Operating System | | UNIX™ Operating System | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1969 | | 1969 | ||
|Charge Coupled Device | | Charge Coupled Device | ||
|William Boyle & George E. Smith | | William Boyle & [[Oral-History:George E. Smith|George E. Smith]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1969 | | 1969 | ||
|Virtual Circ. Switch. (Spider) | | Virtual Circ. Switch. (Spider) | ||
|Alexander G. Fraser | | Alexander G. Fraser | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1969 | | 1969 | ||
|Strip Hologram | | Strip Hologram | ||
|Michael C. King | | Michael C. King | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1969 | | 1969 | ||
|Scanned-Display Raster | | Scanned-Display Raster | ||
|A. Michael Noll | | [[A. Michael Noll]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1970 | | 1970 | ||
|Cell. Wless. Handoff Syst. | | Cell. Wless. Handoff Syst. | ||
||A. Joel, Jr., R. Frenkiel, & P. Porter | | [[Amos E. Joel, Jr.|A. Joel, Jr.]], [[Richard H. Frenkiel|R. Frenkiel]], & P. Porter | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1970 | | 1970 | ||
|Adaptive Delta Modulation | | Adaptive Delta Modulation | ||
|N. S. Jayant | | N. S. Jayant | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1970 | | 1970 | ||
|Cyl. Pb-Acid Central-Off. Bat. | | Cyl. Pb-Acid Central-Off. Bat. | ||
|D. Koontz, D. Feder, L. Babusci & H. Leur | | D. Koontz, D. Feder, L. Babusci & H. Leur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1970 | | 1970 | ||
|Tact. Force-Fdbk. Haptic Sys. | | Tact. Force-Fdbk. Haptic Sys. | ||
|A. Michael Noll | | [[A. Michael Noll]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1970 | | 1970 | ||
|Ind. Diff. Multidim. Scaling | | Ind. Diff. Multidim. Scaling | ||
|J. Douglas Carroll & J. J. Chang | | J. Douglas Carroll & J. J. Chang | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1970 | | 1970 | ||
|Graded-Index Optical Fiber | | Graded-Index Optical Fiber | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1972 | | 1972 | ||
|Lightwave Repeater | | Lightwave Repeater | ||
|J. E. Goell, P. K. Runge | | J. E. Goell, P. K. Runge | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1972 | | 1972 | ||
|Data Ring | | Data Ring | ||
|John R. Pierce & Cecil H. Coker | | [[John Pierce|John R. Pierce]] & Cecil H. Coker | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1972 | | 1972 | ||
|Thin-Film Magn.-Optic Swit. | | Thin-Film Magn.-Optic Swit. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1973 | | 1973 | ||
|Cellular Switching Plan | | Cellular Switching Plan | ||
|Z.Fluhr & Eric Nussbaum | | Z.Fluhr & Eric Nussbaum | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1973 | | 1973 | ||
|Adaptive Quant. Diff. PCM | | Adaptive Quant. Diff. PCM | ||
|James L. Flanagan, P. Cummiskey & N. S. Jayant | | [[James L. Flanagan|James L. Flanagan]], P. Cummiskey & N. S. Jayant | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1973 | | 1973 | ||
|C Programming Language | | C Programming Language | ||
|Dennis M. Ritchie | | [[Dennis Ritchie|Dennis M. Ritchie]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1974 | | 1974 | ||
|Electronic Blackboard | | Electronic Blackboard | ||
|O. Gabe Torok | | O. Gabe Torok | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1974 | | 1974 | ||
|Transvers. Dig.Filter Des. | | Transvers. Dig.Filter Des. | ||
|Lawrence R. Rabiner | | [[Oral-History:Lawrence Rabiner|Lawrence R. Rabiner]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1974 | | 1974 | ||
|Comput. Tomography Alg. | | Comput. Tomography Alg. | ||
|L. A. Shepp & B. F. Logan | | L. A. Shepp & B. F. Logan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1974 | | 1974 | ||
|Dig. Wire Ctr & Sm. Dig.Switch | | Dig. Wire Ctr & Sm. Dig.Switch | ||
|Hank McDonald, Joseph Condon, & H. Alles | | Hank McDonald, Joseph Condon, & H. Alles | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1975 | | 1975 | ||
|Single-Mode Laser | | Single-Mode Laser | ||
|T. P. Lee, C. A. Burrus, B. I. Miller & R. A. Logan | | T. P. Lee, [[Charles Sidney Burrus|C. A. Burrus]], B. I. Miller & R. A. Logan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1976 | | 1976 | ||
|No.4 ESS Dig. Switch. Sys. | | No.4 ESS Dig. Switch. Sys. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1976 | | 1976 | ||
|Video-Teleconf. Svc | | Video-Teleconf. Svc | ||
|Joseph J. Horzepa & team | | Joseph J. Horzepa & team | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1976 | | 1976 | ||
|CCIS | | CCIS | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1977 | | 1977 | ||
|Comm. Optical-Fiber Trans. | | Comm. Optical-Fiber Trans. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1977 | | 1977 | ||
|Belle Ded.Chess Computer | | Belle Ded.Chess Computer | ||
|Joseph H. Condon & Kenneth L. Thompson | | Joseph H. Condon & Kenneth L. Thompson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1977 | | 1977 | ||
|Thry.of Disor. States of Mat. | | Thry.of Disor. States of Mat. | ||
|Philip W. Anderson | | Philip W. Anderson | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1977 | | 1977 | ||
|Hematofluorometer | | Hematofluorometer | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1978 | | 1978 | ||
|L5E Coaxial Cable System | | L5E Coaxial Cable System | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1978 | | 1978 | ||
|Tele. Modular Plug & | | Tele. Modular Plug & | ||
|Jack Charles L. Krumreich | | Jack Charles L. Krumreich | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1978 | | 1978 | ||
|32-bit Microprocessor | | 32-bit Microprocessor | ||
|L.Thomas, B. Murphy & Alfred U. Mac Rae | | L.Thomas, B. Murphy & Alfred U. Mac Rae | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1978 | | 1978 | ||
|XDS | | XDS | ||
|H. G. Alles, C. Christensen, R. W. Lucky | | H. G. Alles, C. Christensen, [[Robert W. Lucky|R. W. Lucky]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1978 | | 1978 | ||
|800 service | | 800 service | ||
|Roy P. Weber | | Roy P. Weber | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1979 | | 1979 | ||
|Psychoacoustic Mask. Cod. | | Psychoacoustic Mask. Cod. | ||
|M. Schroeder, Bishu S. Atal & Joseph L. Hall | | [[Manfred R. Schroeder|M. Schroeder]], [[Bishnu S. Atal|Bishu S. Atal]] & Joseph L. Hall | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1979 | | 1979 | ||
|Single-Chip DSP | | Single-Chip DSP | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1980 | | 1980 | ||
|Heterojuction Phototrans. | | Heterojuction Phototrans. | ||
|J.A. Copeland, J. C. Campbell | | J.A. Copeland, J. C. Campbell | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1980 | | 1980 | ||
|Dyn. Non-Hier. Ntwk. Rout. | | Dyn. Non-Hier. Ntwk. Rout. | ||
|Gerald R. Ash & Richard H. Cartwell | | Gerald R. Ash & Richard H. Cartwell | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1981 | | 1981 | ||
|AR6A SSB-SC M-wave Syst. | | AR6A SSB-SC M-wave Syst. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1982 | | 1982 | ||
|5ESS® Dig.Switch. Syst. | | 5ESS® Dig.Switch. Syst. | ||
|Many contributors | | Many contributors | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1982 | | 1982 | ||
|Fractional Quant. Hall Effect | | Fractional Quant. Hall Effect | ||
|Horst Störmer, Daniel Tsui & Robert Laughlin | | Horst Störmer, Daniel Tsui & Robert Laughlin | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1983 | | 1983 | ||
|Hidden Markov Chain SR | | Hidden Markov Chain SR | ||
|B-H Juang, S. Levinson, L. Rabiner, & M. Sondhi | | B-H Juang, S. Levinson, [[Oral-History:Lawrence Rabiner|L. Rabiner]], & M. Sondhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1983 | | 1983 | ||
|Twin-Tub VLSI CMOS | | Twin-Tub VLSI CMOS | ||
|Louis C. Parrillo & Richard S. Payne | | Louis C. Parrillo & Richard S. Payne | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1983 | | 1983 | ||
|Code-Excited LPC | | Code-Excited LPC | ||
|Manfred R. Schroeder & Bishnu S. Atal | | [[Manfred R. Schroeder|Manfred R. Schroeder]] & [[Bishnu S. Atal|Bishnu S. Atal]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 13:21, 27 June 2013
The first iteration of this list was compiled by Bell Labs alumnus A. Michael Noll in May 2012.
Original Notes:
- Compiled by A. Michael Noll (with personal knowledge and an admitted bias toward speech research and computer graphics) and with sagacious comments from several Bell Telephone Laboratories colleagues.
- Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (BTL) was formed in 1925 and existed until the breakup of the Bell System on January 1, 1984. Only this period of nearly six decades is included here.
- Innovations and discoveries were chosen to be significant new directions and not just incremental advances. However, a few “fascinating” ones, such as the “dunking bird,” have been included.
- Tens of thousands of engineers, scientists, technicians, and others worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories, and all contributed in their own way to the overall accomplishments of the organization. Only a small few are listed here though.
- On many of the larger development projects and systems, large engineering teams were involved, and accordingly individuals are not named.
Year | Innovation or Discovery | Innovators |
1925 | Electrical Sound Recording | Joseph Maxfield & Harry Harrison |
1925 | Quality Control Theory | W. A. Shewhart |
1926 | Thermal Noise | John B. Johnson |
1926 | Antenna Arrays | R. M. Foster |
1926 | Permendur Magnetic Alloy | G. W. Elmen |
1927 | Negative Feedback Amplification | Harold Black |
1927 | Television Transmission | Herbert E. Ives |
1927 | Quartz Electronic Clock | Warren Marrison |
1927 | Transatlantic Telephone Service | Many contributors |
1927 | Wave Nature of the Electron | Clinton J. Davisson & Lester. H. Germer |
1927 | Wearable Electronic Hearing Aid | Harvey Fletcher |
1927 | Telephone Trunking Traffic Analysis | Edward C. Molina |
1928 | Sampling Theorem | Harry Nyquist |
1929 | Artificial Larynx | Robert R. Riesz |
1929 | Broadband Coaxial Cable | Lloyd Espenschied & Herbert A. Apfel |
1929 | Ship-to-Shore Radio System | Many contributors |
1929 | Frequency Interleaving of TV Signal | Frank Gray & John R. Hefele |
1930 | Moving-Coil Microphone | E. C. Wente & A. L. Thuras |
1930 | Negative Impedance Repeater | George Crisson |
1931 | Radio Astronomy | Karl Jansky |
1931 | Rhombic Antenna | Harald T. Friis & E. Bruce |
1931 | TWX Exchange Teletypewriter Svc | Many contributors |
1931 | Stereophonic Recording on Film | Harvey Fletcher |
1931-32 | Stereophonic Sound Rec. (45°) | Harvey Fletcher, Arthur C. Keller |
1932 | Stability Criteria Diagrams | Harry Nyquist |
1932 | Waveguide Experiments &Theory | G. Southworth, A. King, A. E. Bowen |
1933 | Equal-Loudness Contours | Harvey Fletcher & Wilden A. Munson |
1933 | Vitamin B1 Isolation Process | Robert R. Williams |
1933 | Stereophonic Sound Transmission | Harvey Fletcher |
1934 | Raster Scan TV System | Pierre Mertz & Frank Gray |
1936 | Stereophonc Phonograph Record | Arthur C. Keller & Irad S. Rafuse |
1936 | Vocoder Speech Synthesis | Homer Dudley |
1936 | Reed Switch | Walter B. Elwood |
1936 | High-Efficiency AM-Transmit. Amp. | William H. Doherty |
1937 | Boolean Logic Relay Computer | George Robert Stibitz & S. B. Williams |
1937 | Velocity Modulation Diode | Frederick B. Llewellyn |
1937 | Isograph Analog Comp.for Poly. 0s | R. L. Dietzold |
1937-38 | Voder Speech Synthesizer | Homer Dudley |
1938 | Crossbar Switching System | Many contributors |
1938 | Insertion Parameter Filter Design | Sidney Darlington |
1938 | Phase-Gain Stability Criteria | Hendrik W. Bode |
1939 | Complex Number Calculator | George Robert Stibitz & S. B. Williams |
1939 | P-N Junction | Russell Shoemaker Ohl |
1939 | Smith Chart for Transmission Lines | Phillip H. Smith |
1940 | Pierce Electron Gun | John R. Pierce |
1940s | Thermistor Materials | G. L. Pearson, J. A. Becker & C. B. Green |
1940 | Reflex Klystron | John R. Pierce & W. G. Shepherd |
1940 | Photovoltaic P-N Junction | Russell Shoemaker Ohl |
1941 | Sound Spectrograph | W. Koenig, H. K. Dunn & L. Y. Lacy |
1941 | Vocoder Speech Secrecy System | R. K. Potter & R. C. Mathes |
1942 | Acoustic Homing Torpedo | Many contributors |
1942 | Horn-Reflector Antenna | Harald T. Friis amp; Alfred C. Beck |
1943 | Echo-Ranging Sonar | Many contributors |
1943 | Microgel Synthetic Rubber | William O. Baker & C. S. Fuller |
1943 | Computer-Contr. M5 Gun Director | Many contributors |
1944 | Close-Spaced Triode (Model 416) | Jack A. Morton |
1944 | Math.Treatment of Noise Theory | Stephen O. Rice |
1940s | Microwave Radio Prop. Studies | A. B. Crawford & collaborators |
1945 | Pulse Code Modulation Paper | J. Pierce, C. Shannon & B. Oliver |
1945 | Nike Anti-Aircraft Missile Project | Many contributors |
1945 | “Dunking Brid” Amusement Dev. | Miles V. Sullivan |
1945 | Travelling-Wave-Tube Analysis | John R. Pierce |
1946 | L1 Coaxial Cable System | Many contributors |
1946 | Junction Solar Cell Patent | Russell Shoemaker Ohl |
1947 | The Bit | John W. Tukey |
1947 | Point-Contact Transistor | John Bardeen & Walter H. Brattain |
1947 | Cellular Wireless Concept | Donald H. Ring & W. Rae Young |
1947 | Helix Travelling Wave Tube | John R. Pierce & L. M. Field |
1947 | Chirp Radar | Sidney Darlington |
1947 | TDX Microwave Radio System | Harald T. Friis & G. N. Thayer |
1948 | Information Theory | Claude Shannon |
1948 | Error Correcting Codes | Richard W. Hamming |
1948 | Bipolar Junction Transistor | William Shockley |
1949 | Time Assignment Speech Interp. | Carl B. H. Feldman |
1949 | Semicond.Particle Detectors | Kenneth G. Mckay |
1949 | Gas Discharge Noise Tube | W. W. Mumford |
1950 | TD Transcon. M-wave Rad. Sys. | Many contributors |
1950 | Spat. Harm. Trav. Wv. Tube Amp. | Sidney Millman |
1950 | Differential PCM of TV Signals | C. C. Cutler, C. W. Harrison & B. M. Oliver |
1950 | Model of Basilar Membrane | L. C. Peterson & Bruce P. Bogert |
1950 | High-Quality Synth,Qtz Growth | A. Walker, G. Kohman, E. Buehler & R. Laudise |
1950 | Trans. Line Model of Vocal Tract | H. K. Dunn |
1951 | Zone Refining | William G. Pfann |
1951 | Direct Distance Dialing | Many contributors |
1951 | Polymer Carbon | W. O. Baker & F. H. Winslow |
1951 | Epitaxial Deposition | Gordon Teal & Howard Christensen |
1951 | Stochastic Service Arrival Traffic | J. Riordan |
1952 | Ion Implantation | R. S. Ohl & William S. Shockley |
1953 | Photo-Transistor | J. N. Shive |
1953 | Reflected Binary Code | Frank Gray |
1953 | Avalanche Photodiode Physics | Kenneth G. McKay & K. B. McAfee |
1954 | Photovoltaic Solar Cell | D. Chapin, C. Souther Fuller & G. Pearson |
1954 | Formant Vocoder | Eric S. Weibel |
1954 | Coaxial Magnetron | Joseph Feinstein |
1955 | Lin.Floating-Dec. Prog.Langs. | V. M. Wolontis & Richard W. Hamming |
1955 | Directive Antenna Arrays | E. N. Gilbert & S. P. Morgan |
1955 | Diffused Emit. & Base Si Trans | Morris Tanenbaum and D. E. Thomas |
1955 | Oxide Masking of Silicon Wafers | Carl J. Frosh & Lincoln Derrick |
1955 | Pyrolytic C (Ablative HeatShield) | F. H. Winslow & William O. Baker |
1956 | Polyethelene Cable Sheathing | W. Lincoln Hawkins |
1956 | P-I-N Photodiode Theory | W. T. Read, Jr. |
1956 | TAT-1 | Many contributors |
1957 | Supermendur Magnetic Alloy | H. L. B. Bould & D. H. Wenny |
1957 | Rare Earth Permanent Magnets | J. H. Wernick & E. A. Nesbitt |
1957 | Minimal Tree Algorithm | Robert C. Prim |
1957 | Computer Music | Max V. Mathews |
1957 | Info. Rate of Human Channel | John R. Pierce & John E. Karlin |
1958 | Bell 101 Dataset Modem | Many contributors |
1958 | Laser | Arthur L. Schawlow & Charles W. Townes |
1958 | Voice Excited Vocoder | Manfred R. Schroeder |
1958 | Theory of Random Systems | Philip Warren Anderson |
1958 | KNa Niobate Ceramic Del. Ln. | L. Egerton & S. S. Flaschen |
1958 | Synthtic Quartz Crystal Growth | Robert A. Laudise & Albert Ballman |
1958 | A/D Conversion Syst. for Audio | E. David, Jr., M. Mathews & H. McDonald |
1959 | Macro-Instruction Programming | M. Douglas McIlroy & Douglas E. Eastwood |
1959 | Nike Zeus Anti-Ballistic Missile | Many contributors |
1960 | BLODI Block Diagr. Compiler | John Kelly, Vic Vyssotsky & Carol Lochbaum |
1960 | Echo Communications Satellite | John R. Pierce & team |
1960 | Order-of-Arrival Service Model | Vaclav E. Benes |
1960 | MOS Transistor | John Atalla & Dawon Kahng |
1960 | High Mag. Field Superconduc. | J. Kunzler, F. Hsu, E. Buehler & J. Wernick |
1960 | Silicon Epitaxy | Henry C. Theuerer |
1960 | Helium-Neon Gas Laser | A. Javan, W. R. Bennet & D. R. Herriott |
1960 | Space Saver Rotary Dial | Charles F. Matke |
1960 | Superconduc. Nb-Sn Magnet | John Eugene Kunzler |
1961 | T1 Digital Carrier Introduced | Many contributors |
1961 | Theory of Optical Resonators | A. G. Fox & T. Li |
1962 | Cepstrum Pitch Detection | Manfred R. Schroeder & A. Michael Noll |
1962 | Telstar Active Satellite Launch | John R. Pierce & Eugene O’Neil’s team |
1962 | Electret Microphone | Gerhard Sessler & James E. West |
1962 | Adaptive Echo Canceller | J. Kelly, B. Logan, M. Sondhi & A. Presti |
1962 | Electronic Artificial Larynx | H. L. Barney, F. E. Haworth & H. K. Dunn |
1962 | Basilar-Membrane Displace. | James L. Flanagan |
1962 | Vocal-Tract Speech Synthesis | John L. Kelly, Jr. & Carol Lochbaum |
1962 | Digital Computer Art | A. Michael Noll |
1962 | Grating-Type Delay Line | R. S. Duncan & Marsena R. Parker |
1962 | Red Helium-Neon Laser | Alan White & J. Dane Rigden |
1962-68 | Nonmetric Mutltid.Scaling | R. Shepard, J. Kruskal & Newman Guttman |
1963 | Digital Filter Design | James F. Kaiser & Roger M. Golden |
1963 | Touchtone Dialing | Leo Schenker |
1963 | Chemiluminescence | Edwin A. Chandross |
1963 | BEFLIX | Kenneth C. Knowlton |
1963 | Thin-Film Delay Line | Norman F. Foster |
1963 | ALPAK | W. Stanley, B. A. Tague & J. P. Hyde |
1960s | Comp. Animation apps. | Many contributors |
1964 | Detect “Big-Bang” Radiation | Arno A. Penzias & Robert W. Wilson |
1964 | Adaptive Equalizer Modem | Robert W. Lucky |
1964 | CO2 High-Power Laser | C. Kumar N. Patel |
1964 | YAG Laser | J. E. Geusic, H. M. Marcos & L. G. Van Uitert |
1964 | Argon Laser Retina Repair | Eugene I. Gordon & Edward F. Labuda |
1964 | Van Allen belt detection | W. Brown, L. Lanzerotti & L. Medford |
1964 | MULTICS Time-Share Comp. | Many contributors |
1960s | Random-Dot & Self Stereo. | Bela Julesz |
1965 | Stereoscopic Comp. Anim. | A. Michael Noll |
1965 | #1 Electronic Switching Sys. | Many contributors |
1965 | FFT | John Tukey & J. W. Cooley (IBM) |
1965 | Ded. Lab. Interactive Comp. | Peter B. Denes |
1965 | Remote GDT | William H. Ninke |
1966 | List-Processing Comp. Lang. | Kenneth C. Knowlton |
1966 | Comp.-Aided Lib. Distribution | W. Stanley Brown & Joseph F. Traub |
1966 | Silicon Gate | R. E. Kerwin, D. L. Klein & J. C. Sarace |
1967 | Linear Predictive Coding | Bishnu S. Atal & Manfred R. Schroeder |
1967 | Magn.Bubble Memory Devs | A. H. Bobeck, H. E. D. Scovil & P. Michaelis |
1967 | Ion Implantation Implem. | Alfred U. Mac Rae & Walter L. Brown |
1968 | Interactive 3D Input & Displ. | A. Michael Noll |
1968 | Speech Synthesis by Rule | Cecil H. Coker |
1968 | Heterostructure Semic.Laser | I. Hayashi & M. Panish |
1968 | Molecular Beam Epitaxy | John R. Arthur & A. Y. Cho |
1968 | LED for Optical Fibers | C. A. Burrus |
1969 | UNIX™ Operating System | Many contributors |
1969 | Charge Coupled Device | William Boyle & George E. Smith |
1969 | Virtual Circ. Switch. (Spider) | Alexander G. Fraser |
1969 | Strip Hologram | Michael C. King |
1969 | Scanned-Display Raster | A. Michael Noll |
1970 | Cell. Wless. Handoff Syst. | A. Joel, Jr., R. Frenkiel, & P. Porter |
1970 | Adaptive Delta Modulation | N. S. Jayant |
1970 | Cyl. Pb-Acid Central-Off. Bat. | D. Koontz, D. Feder, L. Babusci & H. Leur |
1970 | Tact. Force-Fdbk. Haptic Sys. | A. Michael Noll |
1970 | Ind. Diff. Multidim. Scaling | J. Douglas Carroll & J. J. Chang |
1970 | Graded-Index Optical Fiber | Many contributors |
1972 | Lightwave Repeater | J. E. Goell, P. K. Runge |
1972 | Data Ring | John R. Pierce & Cecil H. Coker |
1972 | Thin-Film Magn.-Optic Swit. | Many contributors |
1973 | Cellular Switching Plan | Z.Fluhr & Eric Nussbaum |
1973 | Adaptive Quant. Diff. PCM | James L. Flanagan, P. Cummiskey & N. S. Jayant |
1973 | C Programming Language | Dennis M. Ritchie |
1974 | Electronic Blackboard | O. Gabe Torok |
1974 | Transvers. Dig.Filter Des. | Lawrence R. Rabiner |
1974 | Comput. Tomography Alg. | L. A. Shepp & B. F. Logan |
1974 | Dig. Wire Ctr & Sm. Dig.Switch | Hank McDonald, Joseph Condon, & H. Alles |
1975 | Single-Mode Laser | T. P. Lee, C. A. Burrus, B. I. Miller & R. A. Logan |
1976 | No.4 ESS Dig. Switch. Sys. | Many contributors |
1976 | Video-Teleconf. Svc | Joseph J. Horzepa & team |
1976 | CCIS | Many contributors |
1977 | Comm. Optical-Fiber Trans. | Many contributors |
1977 | Belle Ded.Chess Computer | Joseph H. Condon & Kenneth L. Thompson |
1977 | Thry.of Disor. States of Mat. | Philip W. Anderson |
1977 | Hematofluorometer | Many contributors |
1978 | L5E Coaxial Cable System | Many contributors |
1978 | Tele. Modular Plug & | Jack Charles L. Krumreich |
1978 | 32-bit Microprocessor | L.Thomas, B. Murphy & Alfred U. Mac Rae |
1978 | XDS | H. G. Alles, C. Christensen, R. W. Lucky |
1978 | 800 service | Roy P. Weber |
1979 | Psychoacoustic Mask. Cod. | M. Schroeder, Bishu S. Atal & Joseph L. Hall |
1979 | Single-Chip DSP | Many contributors |
1980 | Heterojuction Phototrans. | J.A. Copeland, J. C. Campbell |
1980 | Dyn. Non-Hier. Ntwk. Rout. | Gerald R. Ash & Richard H. Cartwell |
1981 | AR6A SSB-SC M-wave Syst. | Many contributors |
1982 | 5ESS® Dig.Switch. Syst. | Many contributors |
1982 | Fractional Quant. Hall Effect | Horst Störmer, Daniel Tsui & Robert Laughlin |
1983 | Hidden Markov Chain SR | B-H Juang, S. Levinson, L. Rabiner, & M. Sondhi |
1983 | Twin-Tub VLSI CMOS | Louis C. Parrillo & Richard S. Payne |
1983 | Code-Excited LPC | Manfred R. Schroeder & Bishnu S. Atal |
Sources: Impact, M. D. Fagen (Editor), 1971; A History of Engineering & Science in the BellSystem – Communications Sciences (1925-1980), S. Millman (Editor), 1984; A History of Engineering & Science in the Bell System – Physical Sciences (1925-1980), S. Millman (Editor), 1983.